Italians generally eat a very light breakfast of coffee and a pastry. Many hotels offer "full" breakfasts for foreigners.
Cappuccino is a popular way of serving coffee. If you want what's called in the US a "latte" (which just means 'milk' in Italian), order a caffè latte.
A "full" Italian meal consists of an antipasto (appetizer), a primo (pasta, risotto, or soup), a secondo (meat or fish), a contorno (side dish of vegetables eaten with the secondo), and formaggio (cheese) or dolce (dessert). After dessert, most people will have a coffee (but never a coffee with milk) or a digestivo (grappa or other distilled beverage). Formerly, restaurants would be unhappy if you had just one course, but that doesn't seem to be a problem any more. Sharing dishes (condividere) is not uncommon, especially if you're having more than one course.
Tap water (acqua di rubinetto or una caraffa d'acqua) is perfectly safe and tastes fine, but restaurants would prefer that you order flat (naturale) or fizzy (frizzante or gasosa) water with your meal, which costs E 3-5. Some restaurants won't serve tap water if you ask for it. Most restaurants serve wine both by the glass (un càlice is the fancy word for a wine glass) and by the bottle. Very few offer carafe wine (vino sfuso), but some will bring a bottle if you order a glass, and charge you based on what you drink.
Italians don't drink cappuccino after noon, and don't drink coffee during their meals, only after